基于改进多目标遗传算法的连铸二冷过程优化

采用一种改进的多目标遗传算法对二冷工艺进行优化.改进的多目标遗传算法应用概率法选取选择算子，根据适应度值来动态计算交叉和变异概率，能够得到更好的全局最优解，提高算法精度和整体性能.在基于凝固传热模型的二冷优化过程中，采用变间距差分法离散求解传热方程，对比粒子群算法、多目标遗传算法，改进的多目标遗传算法搜索效率高，得到的价值函数最小.在实际生产中，采用优化后的二冷工艺，使得总用水量减少约10%，提高了铸坯质量，达到了节能降耗的要求.     

The total cost of misclassification in credit scoring: A comparison of generalized linear models and generalized additive models

This study examines whether the evaluation of a bankruptcy prediction model should take into account the total cost of misclassification. For this purpose, we introduce and apply a validity measure in credit scoring that is based on the total cost of misclassification. Specifically, we use comprehensive data from the annual financial statements of a sample of German companies and analyze the total cost of misclassification by comparing a generalized linear model and a generalized additive model with regard to their ability to predict a company's probability of default. On the basis of these data, the validity measure we introduce shows that, compared to generalized linear models, generalized additive models can reduce substantially the extent of misclassification and the total cost that this entails. The validity measure we introduce is informative and justifies the argument that generalized additive models should be preferred, although such models are more complex than generalized linear models. We conclude that to balance a model's validity and complexity, it is necessary to take into account the total cost of misclassification.     

Fe-11Mn-4Al-0.2C中锰钢动态变形行为及其本构模型

基于准静态和动态拉伸实验，建立Fe-11Mn-4Al-0.2C中锰钢在2×10^-3~200s^-1应变速率下变形行为的Johnson-Cook(J-C)本构模型.结果表明，应变速率对弹性变形阶段无影响.在塑性变形初期，实验钢强度随应变速率增加而增加，在塑性变形中后期，实验钢强度随应变速率增加而减少.实验钢应变速率敏感性(SRS)指数m随着应变的增加，由0.013逐渐转变为-0.018.基于实验数据建立J-C本构模型，拟合效果不佳，存在5.1%的相对误差;通过改变应变速率强化系数，提出修正J-C模型，模型具有更好的拟合效果，表现出更小的相对误差，约为1.6%.     

加速寿命数据的贝叶斯建模与分析

在加速寿命试验的可靠性设计中, 随机化设计的限制以及删失数据不可避免地导致低分位数估计出现较大的偏差。针对上述的问题, 结合贝叶斯抽样技术以及非线性混合模型(nonlinear mixed model, NLMM)提出了一种可靠性改进的分析方法。首先, 需要检验所收集的数据是否服从威布尔分布以及验证形状参数是否是恒定常数。其次, 考虑随机效应对尺度参数和形状参数的影响, 运用NLMM构建了尺度参数和形状参数与试验因子之间的函数关系。然后, 利用贝叶斯方法估计低分位数的可靠性寿命。最后, 实际案例研究表明, 在考虑删失问题和未完全随机设计的影响时, 所提方法能够获得更为稳健和可靠的估计结果。     

Processing and characterization of the microstructure and mechanical properties of Al6061–TiB2 composite

In the present research, aluminum metal matrix composites were processed by the stir casting technique. The effects of TiB2 rein-forcement particles, severe plastic deformation through accumulative roll bonding (ARB), and aging treatment on the microstructural charac-teristics and mechanical properties were also evaluated. Uniaxial tensile tests and microhardness measurements were conducted, and the micro-structural characteristics were investigated. Notably, the important problems associated with cast samples, including nonuniformity of the rein-forcement particles and high porosity content, were solved through the ARB process. At the initial stage, particle-free zones, as well as particle clusters, were observed on the microstructure of the composite. However, after the ARB process, fracturing phenomena occurred in brittle ceramic particles, followed by breaking down of the fragments into fine particles as the number of rolling cycles increased. Subsequently, com-posites with a uniform distribution of particles were produced. Moreover, the tensile strength and microhardness of the ARB-processed com-posites increased with the increase in the reinforcement mass fraction. However, their ductility exhibited a different trend. With post-deforma-tion aging treatment (T6), the mechanical properties of composites were improved because of the formation of fine Mg2Si precipitates.     

BIM情境下综合设施管理服务供应商激励契约

为有效激励综合设施管理（Integrated Facility Management，IFM）服务供应商应用BIM进行IFM外包服务，实现BIM在IFM过程中的应用价值与IFM项目绩效，基于委托代理理论，针对IFM外包BIM应用过程中IFM服务供应商需要执行的BIM系统运营服务和IFM业务咨询服务两项任务，构建多任务委托代理模型；依托模型，分析在两项服务任务成本相互独立、相互依存及相互替代等三种激励模式下的激励契约；结合模型计算与MATLAB仿真结果，辨识最优的激励模式及激励契约。研究表明：3种模式下的激励契约将对IFM服务供应商产生不同的激励效果，并对业主方IFM项目造成差异性绩效；3种激励模式下的最优激励契约由高到低排序为：成本相互依存模式下的最优激励契约>成本相互独立模式下的最优激励契约>成本相互替代模式下的最优激励契约；业主方应选取合适的激励模式与契约对IFM服务供应商进行激励，且其服务能力与IFM项目绩效越高，业主方对其激励将越大。     

I ain’t afraid of no ghost

This paper criticizes the traditional philosophical account of the quantization of gauge theories and offers an alternative. On the received view, gauge theories resist quantization because they feature distinct mathematical representatives of the same physical state of affairs. This resistance is overcome by a sequence of ad hoc modifications, justified in part by reference to semiclassical electrodynamics. Among other things, these modifications introduce ”ghosts”: particles with unphysical properties which do not appear in asymptotic states and which are said to be purely a notational convenience. I argue that this sequence of modifications is unjustified and inadequate, making it a poor basis for the interpretation of ghosts. I then argue that gauge theories can be quantized by the same method as any other theory. On this account, ghosts are not purely notation: they are coordinates on the classical configuration space of the theory—specifically, on its gauge structure. This interpretation does not fall prey to the standard philosophical arguments against the significance of ghosts, due to Weingard. Weingard’s argumentative strategy, properly applied, in fact tells in favor of ghosts’ physical significance.     

毛乌素沙地上空沙尘暴的前向轨迹及其影响范围

基于气象数据、MODIS遥感影像数据和NCEP再分析资料, 利用HYSPLIT模型模拟2000—2019年毛乌素沙地上空不同海拔高度(500, 1000和1500 m)各季节沙尘暴的前向轨迹, 并与遥感影像识别出的沙尘信息进行比较, 识别毛乌素沙地沙尘暴的影响范围。结果显示: 1) 在过去的20年中, 共有143个沙尘暴月和387个沙尘暴日, 并且 2004 年以来, 毛乌素沙地发生沙尘暴的频率逐渐降低; 2) 季节性气候条件对毛乌素沙地沙尘暴的移动路径有很大的影响, 春季沙尘暴发生频率较高, 秋季发生频率最低; 3) 受毛乌素沙地沙尘暴影响的国内地区主要包括陕西省北部、山西省北部、河北省北部和中部、山东省北部和中部、北京市、天津市、内蒙古自治区东部以及东北三省, 国外受影响的地区有朝鲜、日本北部以及俄罗斯与我国交界处, 受影响的海域有渤海、黄海北部和日本海西北部。遥感影像与HYSPLIT模型的比较提供了一种对沙尘运输、扩散和沉积过程进行验证和加深了解的有效工具, 研究结果可以为防灾减灾决策及沙源地治理提供科学的参考依据。     

资源衰退型城市产业结构调整与环境污染的联动效应

基于 2003年—2016年我国资源衰退型城市产业结构调整与环境相关数据，测度了资源衰退型城市产业结构调整与工业三废减排的耦合协调度，并进一步应用面板VAR 模型对产业结构调整与环境污染排放的动态互动关系进行定量分析.研究结果表明，目前我国资源衰退型城市产业结构调整与污染减排的耦合协调度仍处于濒临失调状态.脉冲响应图显示，产业结构高级化促进工业废水、工业二氧化硫的减排具有长期效应，工业废水减排有助于倒逼产业结构高级化.我国资源衰退型城市转型发展，应进一步推动产业结构的调整，大力发展第三产业与高新技术产业，加快经济结构优化升级，以产业结构的高级化推动城市的绿色高质量发展.     

液中放电沉积技术研究进展

液中放电沉积是一种新型的表面改性技术，起源于电火花加工技术，可在金属表面制备出具有高硬度、高耐磨性以及高结合力等优良性能的沉积层。此外，该技术不污染环境，有望替代部分常用但具有污染性的表面改性技术。液中放电沉积技术的核心内容为沉积层形成机制、工具电极材料以及介电流体成分。简单介绍了液中放电沉积技术的特点，重点阐述了沉积层的形成机制以及缺陷优化工艺，并从工具电极材料、介电流体成分和实际生产应用三个方面总结了液中放电沉积技术的国内外研究进展，展望了该技术的发展方向。